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#### Harnessing Geometric Frustration to Form Band Gaps in Acoustic Networks

Journal Publications
Pai Wang, Yue Zheng, Matheus C. Fernandes, Yushen Sun, Kai Xu, Sijie Sun, Sung Hoon Kang, Vincent Tournat, Katia Bertoldi
Physical Review Letters, Volume 118, Issue 8, EID 084302, February 2017
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.084302
Publication year: 2017

## Abstract

We demonstrate both numerically and experimentally that geometric frustration in two-dimensional periodic acoustic networks consisting of arrays of narrow air channels can be harnessed to form  band gaps (ranges of frequency in which the waves cannot propagate in any direction through the system). While resonant standing wave modes and interferences are ubiquitous in all the analyzed network geometries, we show that they give rise to band gaps only in the geometrically frustrated ones (i.e. those comprising of triangles and pentagons). Our results not only reveal a new mechanism based on geometric frustration to suppress the propagation of pressure waves in specific frequency ranges, but also opens avenues for the design of a new generation of smart systems that control and manipulate sound and vibrations.

#### Effects of Ice Deformation on Röthlisberger Channels and Implications for Transitions in Subglacial Hydrology

Journal Publications
Colin R. Meyer, Matheus C. Fernandes, Timothy T. Creyts, James R. Rice
Journal of Glaciology, Volume 62, Issue 234, Pages 750-762, May 2016
doi:10.1017/jog.2016.65
Publication year: 2016

## Abstract

Along the base of glaciers and ice sheets, the sliding of ice over till depends critically on water drainage. In locations where drainage occurs through Röthlisberger channels, the effective pressure along the base of the ice increases and can lead to a strengthening of the bed, which reduces glacier sliding. The formation of Röthlisberger channels depends on two competing effects: (1) melting from turbulent dissipation opens the channel walls and (2) creep flow driven by the weight of the overlying ice closes the channels radially inward. Variation in downstream ice velocity along the channel axis, referred to as an antiplane shear strain rate, decreases the effective viscosity. This softening of the ice increases creep closure velocities. In this way, even a modest addition of antiplane shear can double the size of the Röthlisberger channels for a fixed water pressure or allow channels of a fixed radius to operate at lower effective pressure, potentially decreasing the strength of the surrounding bed. Furthermore, we show that Röthlisberger channels can be deformed away from a circular cross section under applied antiplane shear. These results can have broad impacts on sliding velocities and potentially affect the total ice flux out of glaciers and ice streams.

#### Time Scale for Rapid Drainage of a Surficial Lake into the Greenland Ice Sheet

Journal Publications
James R. Rice, Victor C. Tsai, Matheus C. Fernandes, John D. Platt
Journal of Applied Mechanics, Volume 82, Issue 7, Pages 1-8, July 2015
doi:10.1115/1.4030325
Publication year: 2015

## Abstract

A 2008 report by Das et al. documented the rapid drainage during summer 2006 of a supraglacial lake, of approximately $44 \times 10^6 m^3$ , into the Greenland ice sheet over a time scale moderately longer than 1 hr. The lake had been instrumented to record the time-dependent fall of water level and the uplift of the ice nearby. Liquid water, denser than ice, was presumed to have descended through the sheet along a crevasse system and spread along the bed as a hydraulic facture. The event led two of the present authors to initiate modeling studies on such natural hydraulic fractures. Building on results of those studies, we attempt to better explain the time evolution of such a drainage event. We find that the estimated time has a strong dependence on how much a pre-existing crack/crevasse system, acting as a feeder channel to the bed, has opened by slow creep prior to the time at which a basal hydraulic fracture nucleates. We quantify the process and identify appropriate parameter ranges, particularly of the average temperature of the ice beneath the lake (important for the slow creep opening of the crevasse). We show that average ice temperatures 5–7 $^\circ C$ below melting allow such rapid drainage on a time scale which agrees well with the 2006 observations.